PMC

The analysis method of fracture characteristics. A. The cross section CT scan of ankle: distal tibial was divided into 4 parts, the white zone was the anterior fracture fragment marked with the white arrow; the red zone was the medial malleolus fracture fragment marked with the red arrow; the black zone was the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis tubercle fracture fragment marked with the black arrow; the brown zone was the posterior malleolus fracture fragment marked with the brown arrow. B. the sagittal section CT: the brown zone was the posterior malleolus fracture fragment with a compression splitting type; the red zone was the anterior distal tibial fracture fragment with a compression splitting type. C. coronal section CT: the double-head black arrow marked the talus shifts from fibula; the white zone was the medial malleolus fracture fragment; the red zone was the anterior distal tibial fracture fragment, shifts upwards obviously; the black zone was the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis tubercle fracture fragment.

SEM fractography for the three types of bar material in Test 1. (a) Laser-affected zone I of Q235 bar. (b) Laser-affected zone I of 40Cr bar. (c) Laser-affected zone I of 304 bar. (d) Main fracture zone II of Q235 bar. (e) Main fracture zone II of 40Cr bar. (f) Main fracture zone II of 304 bar.

Fatigue wear surface of AA5052 sheet: (a) Morphology of fatigue fracture (The locations marked by 1,2,3,4,5 are enlarged in subfigure (b–f)); (b) Fracture morphology of zone 1; (c) Fracture morphology of zone 2; (d) Fracture morphology of zone 3; (e) Fracture morphology of zone 4; (f) Fracture morphology of zone 5.

Fracture patterns according to the 3 radiographic zones (medial, lateral and distal). (A1) Medial zone fracture; (B1) Lateral zone fracture; (C1) Distal zone fracture; (A2) 3-zone fracture; (B2) Medial and distal fracture; (C2) Lateral and distal fracture. Reprinted from () with permission from Elsevier.